What are the first signs of cushing - Feb 27, 2023 · Cushing disease is a rare disorder characterized by increased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production from the anterior pituitary, leading to excess cortisol release from the adrenal glands.[1] Most often, this caused by a pituitary adenoma or as the result of excess production of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus. Symptoms include generalized weakness, high ...

 
The Cushing Triad (Cushing's Triad or Cushing’s Reflex) is characterized by: Hypertension. Bradycardia. Irregular respirations – primarily Cheyne-Stokes breathing. This often signals impending .... Quick

Symptoms of Cushing's Disease in Horses. Cushing’s disease is a progressive disorder. The symptoms may be slow to present but will ultimately progress with time. The most common signs observed in horses with Cushing’s disease/PPID include: Failure to shed winter coat fully, or patchy shedding; Long and/or curly coat; Chronic infectionsThe Cushing reflex is a physiological nervous system response to acute elevations of intracranial pressure (ICP), resulting in the Cushing triad of widened pulse pressure (increasing systolic, decreasing diastolic) bradycardia, and irregular respirations. In the first stage of the Cushing reflex, blood pressure and heart rate rise in response ...Physically, someone with Cushing syndrome might have: Overweight or obesity above the waist but thin arms and legs. A round, red face, sometimes referred to as a moon face. A fat lump between the shoulders, sometimes called a buffalo hump. Weak muscles or bones including osteoporosis, bone pain, and ... A. Vasodilation. B. Necrotic tissue edema. D. Edema from initial brain insult. An early sign of increased ICP that the nurse should assess for is. A. Cushing's Triad. B. Unexpected vomiting. C. Decreased LOC. D. Dilated pupil with sluggish response to light. C. Decreased LOC.Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a classical rare disease: it is often suspected in patients who do not have the disease; at the same time, it takes a mean of 3 years to diagnose CS in affected individuals. The main reason is the extreme rarity (1–3/million/year) in combination with the lack of a single lead symptom. CS has to be suspected when a combination of signs and symptoms is present, which ...The classical signs of Cushing's Disease in horses (pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction/PPID) of poor topline, sagging belly and long curly coat that fails to shed are only evident fairly late in the condition. If your horse is in his teens there are changes you need to know could be linked to early PPID. The unexplained…Early Warning Signs of Cushing’s Disease. Older dogs are the most likely to develop Cushing’s. According to the American Kennel Club (AKC), owners first notice something is wrong when their dogs show extreme thirst and therefore need to urinate more frequently, often during the night. Many pet parents just chalk this up to old age or other ... The Cushing reflex is a physiological nervous system response to acute elevations of intracranial pressure (ICP), resulting in the Cushing triad of widened pulse pressure (increasing systolic, decreasing diastolic) bradycardia, and irregular respirations. In the first stage of the Cushing reflex, blood pressure and heart rate rise in response ...The early clinical signs of Cushing’s disease are often overlooked or simply put down to ‘old age’. These include the development of a pot belly and loss of topline over the back - both associated with reduced muscle mass and strength. Other signs develop as the disease progresses, including an excessively long hair coat ... The classical signs of Cushing’s Disease in horses (pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction/PPID) of poor topline, sagging belly and long curly coat that fails to shed are only evident fairly late in the condition. If your horse is in the teens there are changes you need to know which could be linked to early PPID.The symptoms of Cushing's disease are similar to those seen in other causes of Cushing's syndrome. Patients with Cushing's disease usually present with one or more signs and symptoms secondary to the presence of excess cortisol or ACTH. Although uncommon, some patients with Cushing's disease have large pituitary tumors (macroadenomas). What are the symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome? weight gain. thin arms and legs. a round face. increased fat around the base of the neck. a fatty hump between the shoulders. easy bruising. wide purple stretch marks, mainly on the abdomen, breasts, hips, and under the arms. weak muscles. 1. 3754. Simon, a sweet-natured gelding in his late teens, looks shaggy. He’s had a long, wavy coat for months and it’s now well past winter. His owner is concerned and calls the vet, who diagnoses Simon as having equine Cushing’s disease, medically known as pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID), based on clinical signs and blood ...Most patients have a single adenoma. First described in 1912 by neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing, MD, in his book The Pituitary Body and Its Disorders, Cushing’s disease is the most common cause of spontaneous Cushing’s syndrome, accounting for 60-70 percent of all cases. Ectopic ACTH SyndromeSep 30, 2017 · The classical signs of Cushing’s Disease in horses (pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction/PPID) of poor topline, sagging belly and long curly coat that fails to shed are only evident fairly late in the condition. If your horse is in the teens there are changes you need to know which could be linked to early PPID. A Combination of all listed Cushing’s Symptoms in Dogs: If a dog exhibits multiple major warning signs of Cushing’s, there is a very high chance that the dog has Canine Cushings Disease. Increased Cortisol Levels: The most reliable indicator of Cushing’s in dogs symptoms is increased cortisol levels. This is the most direct analysis and ... The cause of your dog's Cushing's disease as well as the conditions your pup develops that are linked to the disease are going to impact your pet's prognosis. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for limiting the severity of the disease. The symptoms of Cushing’s disease can be minimized with diligent observation and long-term management.What is Cushing's syndrome? Cushing's syndrome is a hormonal disorder. It’s caused when you have high levels of the hormone cortisol over a long time. Cushing's syndrome is fairly rare. It most often affects adults who are 20 to 50 years old. It is sometimes called hypercortisolism.The symptoms of Cushing's disease are similar to those seen in other causes of Cushing's syndrome. Patients with Cushing's disease usually present with one or more signs and symptoms secondary to the presence of excess cortisol or ACTH. Although uncommon, some patients with Cushing's disease have large pituitary tumors (macroadenomas).What is Cushing's syndrome? Cushing's syndrome is a hormonal disorder. It’s caused when you have high levels of the hormone cortisol over a long time. Cushing's syndrome is fairly rare. It most often affects adults who are 20 to 50 years old. It is sometimes called hypercortisolism.Nov 22, 2011 · Cushing’s triad of signs includes hypertension, bradycardia and apnea. Dr. Harvey Cushing introduced blood pressure measurement as a method of monitoring patient status during neurosurgical procedures. Cushing recognized that the body’s initial response to rising intracranial pressure is a rise in systolic blood pressure. The most common symptoms of this condition are: weight gain. fatty deposits, especially in the midsection, the face (causing a round, moon-shaped face), and between the shoulders and the upper back (sometimes ... purple stretch marks on the breasts, arms, abdomen, and thighs. thinning skin that ...Jun 8, 2020 · The signs and symptoms of PPID can vary depending on the level of progression of the disease and the individual horse. While the signs of advanced PPID are more obvious, it is easy to miss the subtle, early symptoms of PPID. Classic symptoms of PPID (Cushing’s Disease) in horses May 22, 2023 · Cushing’s disease – or hyperadenocorticism – is a condition where the dog’s body produces too much of the hormone ‘cortisol’ Signs your dog may have Cushing’s include drinking lots and urinating frequently, hair loss, weight gain, panting, changes to the skin’s appearance and abdominal swelling – but these can be signs of lots of other health conditions too and many healthy ... Addison’s disease is caused by a lack of cortisol and aldosterone hormones. This deficiency contributes to general signs of illness, and the condition may become life-threatening if the hormone levels drop too low. The most common cause of Addison’s disease is hereditary, and it causes the dog’s immune system to destroy their adrenal glands.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The nurse caring for a client following a craniotomy monitors for signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Which indicates an early sign of increased ICP?, The nurse is monitoring a client who sustained a head injury and suspects that the client has a skull fracture. This conclusion is based on which findings? Select all ...Sep 1, 2000 · Transphenoidal removal of the tumor is the treatment of choice for Cushing's disease. 29 – 31 Cure is likely if the patient develops hypocortisolism in the first few days to weeks after surgery ... Clinical signs include excessive coat length, weight loss, increased sweating, excessive drinking and urination, and laminitis; The average age of horses getting the disease is 19 years. It can be hard to make a firm diagnosis in the early phase of the disease; There are a number of medical treatments that can control the disease but it is ...The most common symptoms of this condition are: weight gain. fatty deposits, especially in the midsection, the face (causing a round, moon-shaped face), and between the shoulders and the upper back (sometimes ... purple stretch marks on the breasts, arms, abdomen, and thighs. thinning skin that ...This overproduction of cortisol often leads to: increased thirst and urination. changes to skin and fur coat. increased appetite. pot-bellied appearance. Cushing’s Disease can also lead to neurological symptoms, primarily when a pituitary gland tumor is the underlying cause.Signs. Also known as equine Cushing’s disease, PPID can cause signs that are subtle and easy to miss, such as a decrease in activity. The disease can progress to include loss of muscle mass and hair coat changes. “They may seem quieter than normal, perhaps duller,” notes Nicholas Frank, DVM, Ph.D., DACVIM, professor at the Tufts ...Jul 29, 2022 · In most cases, Cushing’s disease is caused by an excess of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. Cushing’s disease can be subtle at first, but there are some telltale signs that something is wrong. Here are five things to watch for: Weight gain: One of the earliest signs of Cushing’s disease in dogs is weight gain. What are the symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome? weight gain. thin arms and legs. a round face. increased fat around the base of the neck. a fatty hump between the shoulders. easy bruising. wide purple stretch marks, mainly on the abdomen, breasts, hips, and under the arms. weak muscles.Symptoms of Cushing's Disease in Horses. Cushing’s disease is a progressive disorder. The symptoms may be slow to present but will ultimately progress with time. The most common signs observed in horses with Cushing’s disease/PPID include: Failure to shed winter coat fully, or patchy shedding; Long and/or curly coat; Chronic infectionsRecovery from Cushing’s syndrome has a natural course to run (usually more than 6 months), even when everything turned out O.K. (surgery, post-treatment hormonal values, regression of physical signs and symptoms, etc.). The speed with which it happens, however, may depend on several factors. First, as it has been frequently emphasized in this ... One of the earliest signs of Cushing syndrome is the loss of variable diurnal secretion of cortisol-releasing hormone (CRH) and: The medication will be given daily during the period of active growth and can be continued into adulthood. The nurse is discussing the administration of GH with a parent of a child who has short stature caused by ...A Combination of all listed Cushing’s Symptoms in Dogs: If a dog exhibits multiple major warning signs of Cushing’s, there is a very high chance that the dog has Canine Cushings Disease. Increased Cortisol Levels: The most reliable indicator of Cushing’s in dogs symptoms is increased cortisol levels. This is the most direct analysis and ...Sep 1, 2000 · Transphenoidal removal of the tumor is the treatment of choice for Cushing's disease. 29 – 31 Cure is likely if the patient develops hypocortisolism in the first few days to weeks after surgery ... Steroid treatment is effective for these conditions, but can cause symptoms and signs of Cushing syndrome as a side effect of such treatment. Cushing syndrome can also be due to endogenous causes; approximately 70% of Cushing syndrome is the result of Cushing disease.Jan 12, 2016 · The American neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing was the first to describe the condition (in humans) in the early 1900s. The equine version wasn’t documented until the 1960’s. Once called “equine Cushing’s syndrome” then “equine pituitary pars intermedia adenoma”, experts currently favor PPID (pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction) or ... Signs. Also known as equine Cushing’s disease, PPID can cause signs that are subtle and easy to miss, such as a decrease in activity. The disease can progress to include loss of muscle mass and hair coat changes. “They may seem quieter than normal, perhaps duller,” notes Nicholas Frank, DVM, Ph.D., DACVIM, professor at the Tufts ...Addison’s disease is caused by a lack of cortisol and aldosterone hormones. This deficiency contributes to general signs of illness, and the condition may become life-threatening if the hormone levels drop too low. The most common cause of Addison’s disease is hereditary, and it causes the dog’s immune system to destroy their adrenal glands. Cushing’s disease also known as Cushing’s syndrome. Cushing’s disease is a condition in which the adrenal glands overproduce certain hormones. The medical term for this disease is hyperadrenocorticism. Literally translated, “hyper” means overactive, “Adreno” means adrenal gland, and “corticism” refers to the outer part of the ...Cushing’s disease is a specific form of Cushing’s syndrome. People with Cushing’s disease have high levels of cortisol because they have a non-cancerous (benign) tumor in the pituitary gland. The tumor releases adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), which causes the adrenal glands to produce excessive cortisol. The most common cause of Cushing’s syndrome in infants and toddlers is an adrenal tumor (adenoma, carcinoma, or bilateral hyperplasia). Bilateral nodular adrenal disease is an ACTH-independent cause of Cushing’s syndrome. Children and adolescents with bilateral nodular adrenal disease may have periodic or “cyclic” Cushing’s syndrome.Background For the prehospital diagnosis of raised intracranial pressure (ICP), clinicians are reliant on clinical signs such as the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), pupillary response and/or Cushing’s triad (hypertension, bradycardia and an irregular breathing pattern). This study aimed to explore the diagnostic accuracy of these signs as indicators of a raised ICP. Methods We performed a ...Steroid treatment is effective for these conditions, but can cause symptoms and signs of Cushing syndrome as a side effect of such treatment. Cushing syndrome can also be due to endogenous causes; approximately 70% of Cushing syndrome is the result of Cushing disease.Signs of Cushing's syndrome include: Failure or later shedding of the winter coat that may become really long, matted and curly especially around the legs. Excessive sweating. Increased drinking and urination. Lethargy and poor performance. A pot-bellied appearance. Left untreated dogs with Cushing’s are predisposed to a number of internal problems, including high blood pressure, urinary tract infections, urinary stones, pancreatitis, clot formation/stroke, diabetes, and vision loss, so early diagnosis and control are important to preventing the majority of the serious complications of this disease.Mar 29, 2023 · First Signs of Cushing’s Disease in Horses Once a horse displays the shaggy hair coat characteristic of PPID, the disease has already progressed. Therefore, owners should become familiar with the early signs since the sooner a horse is diagnosed and treatment started, the better its chances of responding to medication and management, thereby ... Cushing’s disease also known as Cushing’s syndrome. Cushing’s disease is a condition in which the adrenal glands overproduce certain hormones. The medical term for this disease is hyperadrenocorticism. Literally translated, “hyper” means overactive, “Adreno” means adrenal gland, and “corticism” refers to the outer part of the ...What are the symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome? weight gain. thin arms and legs. a round face. increased fat around the base of the neck. a fatty hump between the shoulders. easy bruising. wide purple stretch marks, mainly on the abdomen, breasts, hips, and under the arms. weak muscles. Aug 10, 2023 · This review focuses on the problems introduced into the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome by the obesity epidemic and on ways to alter the traditional approach, using ... Symptoms. An abnormally high level of stress hormones in the bloodstream cause what are known as the classic signs of Cushing’s in horses: a potbellied appearance coupled with muscle wasting; a long, shaggy hair coat that doesn’t shed out in the spring; and increased thirst and subsequent urination.A. Vasodilation. B. Necrotic tissue edema. D. Edema from initial brain insult. An early sign of increased ICP that the nurse should assess for is. A. Cushing's Triad. B. Unexpected vomiting. C. Decreased LOC. D. Dilated pupil with sluggish response to light. C. Decreased LOC.Cushing’s triad, consisting of bradycardia, irregular respirations, and widened pulse pressures, is the body ’s response to increased intracranial pressure (ICP). It usually indicates a severe lack of oxygen in the brain tissue. The Cushing reflex and subsequent triad are the body ’s final attempts to oxygenate the brain and prevent ... Recovery from Cushing’s syndrome has a natural course to run (usually more than 6 months), even when everything turned out O.K. (surgery, post-treatment hormonal values, regression of physical signs and symptoms, etc.). The speed with which it happens, however, may depend on several factors. First, as it has been frequently emphasized in this ...Jul 6, 2023 · Cushing’s disease is a terminal illness that develops slowly. Often the stages of Cushing’s syndrome in dogs are difficult to recognize because they are similar to the signs of aging. Most dogs are middle-aged when most at risk of developing CD. One of the first stages of CD is dehydration. Signs of Cushing's syndrome include: Failure or later shedding of the winter coat that may become really long, matted and curly especially around the legs. Excessive sweating. Increased drinking and urination. Lethargy and poor performance. A pot-bellied appearance. A doctor may suspect Cushing syndrome if a person has the telltale signs, such as a rounded face, a pad of fatty tissue between the shoulders, thin skin with bruises and stretch marks, and poor growth. In children, doctors might suspect Cushing syndrome when a child is gaining weight but not growing as expected.Physically, someone with Cushing syndrome might have: Overweight or obesity above the waist but thin arms and legs. A round, red face, sometimes referred to as a moon face. A fat lump between the shoulders, sometimes called a buffalo hump. Weak muscles or bones including osteoporosis, bone pain, and ... Aug 10, 2023 · This review focuses on the problems introduced into the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome by the obesity epidemic and on ways to alter the traditional approach, using ... Symptoms of Cushing’s Disease. Often owners report that their first clue that something might have been wrong was their dog wanting to go out at night to urinate. The disease causes extreme ...Cushing’s Syndrome Symptoms. Your case might be different than someone else's, but when the disease is full-blown, common symptoms are: A rounded, rosy face. Weight gain, especially in the upper ...A nurse is assessing a client who is admitted to the hospital with a tentative diagnosis of a pituitary tumor. What signs of Cushing syndrome does the nurse identify? Question options: Retention of sodium and water. Hypotension and a rapid thready pulse. Increased fatty deposition in the extremities. Hypoglycemic episodes in the early morning.Cushing's syndrome happens when you have too many corticosteroids in your body. When the disorder often starts with the pituitary gland, the condition is called Cushing's syndrome. The gland makes too much adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH). That causes the adrenal glands to make too many corticosteroids. Another main cause is taking steroid ... Background For the prehospital diagnosis of raised intracranial pressure (ICP), clinicians are reliant on clinical signs such as the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), pupillary response and/or Cushing’s triad (hypertension, bradycardia and an irregular breathing pattern). This study aimed to explore the diagnostic accuracy of these signs as indicators of a raised ICP. Methods We performed a ...The symptoms of Cushing’s disease in dogs are similar to some of the side effects human patients experience when taking steroids. Symptoms of Cushing’s disease in dogs may include: Restlessness, which may include senior dog anxiety at night. Panting. Possible behavior changes.Signs of Cushing's syndrome include: Failure or later shedding of the winter coat that may become really long, matted and curly especially around the legs. Excessive sweating. Increased drinking and urination. Lethargy and poor performance. A pot-bellied appearance.Jan 24, 2022 · español >. Cushing syndrome (also sometimes called Cushing's syndrome) is a disorder with physical and mental changes that result from having too much cortisol in the blood for a long period of time. There are two types of Cushing syndrome: exogenous (caused by factors outside the body) and endogenous (caused by factors within the body). Objective We tested whether Cushing’s sign could predict severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) requiring immediate neurosurgical intervention (BI-NSI) in children after blunt trauma. Design Retrospective cohort study using Japan Trauma Data Bank. Setting Emergency and critical care centres in secondary and tertiary hospitals in Japan. Participants Children between the ages of 2 and 15 years ... One of the earliest signs of Cushing syndrome is the loss of variable diurnal secretion of cortisol-releasing hormone (CRH) and: The medication will be given daily during the period of active growth and can be continued into adulthood. The nurse is discussing the administration of GH with a parent of a child who has short stature caused by ...Jun 8, 2020 · The signs and symptoms of PPID can vary depending on the level of progression of the disease and the individual horse. While the signs of advanced PPID are more obvious, it is easy to miss the subtle, early symptoms of PPID. Classic symptoms of PPID (Cushing’s Disease) in horses Symptoms of Cushing's syndrome can start suddenly or gradually. They tend to get slowly worse if not treated. One of the main signs is weight gain and more body fat, such as: increased fat on your chest and tummy, but slim arms and legs. a build-up of fat on the back of your neck and shoulders, known as a "buffalo hump".Classic symptoms of PPID (Cushing’s Disease) in horses. While there are many clinical signs and symptoms of PPID, abnormal hair coat and laminitis are the two most well known. Both of these symptoms can occur at all stages of the disease but tend to be subtle earlier on and increase in severity as the disease progresses.Steroid treatment is effective for these conditions, but can cause symptoms and signs of Cushing syndrome as a side effect of such treatment. Cushing syndrome can also be due to endogenous causes; approximately 70% of Cushing syndrome is the result of Cushing disease.Jan 11, 2017 · Cushing’s disease is a chronic condition that necessitates long term care and monitoring tests. Familiarity with the symptoms enables dog parents to recognize the early warning signs and seek prompt treatment. With appropriate care, dogs with Cushing’s disease can lead long and happy lives. The signs and symptoms of increased ICP include: ... but things like confusion and behavior changes are common early signs of increasing intracranial pressure. ... Cushing’s Triad is a term used ...Jun 7, 2023 · Diagnosing Cushing syndrome can be a long and complex process. You'll need to see a doctor who specializes in hormonal diseases, called an endocrinologist. The endocrinologist likely will do a physical exam and look for signs of Cushing syndrome, such as a round face, a hump on the back of the neck, and thin, bruised skin with stretch marks.

Physically, someone with Cushing syndrome might have: Overweight or obesity above the waist but thin arms and legs. A round, red face, sometimes referred to as a moon face. A fat lump between the shoulders, sometimes called a buffalo hump. Weak muscles or bones including osteoporosis, bone pain, and ... . Metal gear solid 3 snake eater

what are the first signs of cushing

Nov 9, 2021 · Dogs with a urine specific gravity greater than 1.025 are less likely to have Cushing’s. This is by far the most accurate, safe and effective method of diagnosing Cushing’s disease. If this test shows an elevated Cortisol-Creatinine ratio, you’ll also want to follow up with an ultrasound. I’ll talk about this next. Cushing's disease (also known as Cushing’s syndrome) is a condition in which the adrenal glands overproduce certain hormones. The medical term for this disease is hyperadrenocorticism. Literally translated, “hyper” means over-active, “adreno” means adrenal gland, and “corticism” refers to the outer part (cortex) of the adrenal gland.Cushing triad is a clinical syndrome consisting of hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respiration and is a sign of impending brain herniation. This occurs when the ICP is too high the elevation of blood pressure is a reflex mechanism to maintain CPP. High blood pressure causes reflex bradycardia and brain stem compromise affecting ...She didn’t do Cushing’s despite the other vet saying she suspected it. This vet said if my dog had Cushing’s, she would be drinking whole bowls of water a day and her urine would be diluted and she’d be having accidents. BUT she did say she has an elevated liver enzyme that is associated with Cushing’s. What symptoms did your dog have? What is Cushing's syndrome? Cushing's syndrome is a hormonal disorder. It’s caused when you have high levels of the hormone cortisol over a long time. Cushing's syndrome is fairly rare. It most often affects adults who are 20 to 50 years old. It is sometimes called hypercortisolism. Classic symptoms of PPID (Cushing’s Disease) in horses. While there are many clinical signs and symptoms of PPID, abnormal hair coat and laminitis are the two most well known. Both of these symptoms can occur at all stages of the disease but tend to be subtle earlier on and increase in severity as the disease progresses. To help you spot any signs and symptoms of cushing’s disease in your dog, we’ve broken them down into two categories. Early Symptoms of Cushing’s Disease in Dogs. Increased appetite. We know that in people, excessive cortisol levels stimulate their appetite and lead to weight gain. The same appears to be true for dogs.It is beneficial for horse owners to watch for any signs of Cushing’s Disease, especially if they have an older horse, so that it may be diagnosed in the early stages. Early identification can make the disease easier to manage and increase the quality of life of the Cushing’s horse. Below is a list of early signs: Increased lethargyThe most common cause of Cushing’s syndrome in infants and toddlers is an adrenal tumor (adenoma, carcinoma, or bilateral hyperplasia). Bilateral nodular adrenal disease is an ACTH-independent cause of Cushing’s syndrome. Children and adolescents with bilateral nodular adrenal disease may have periodic or “cyclic” Cushing’s syndrome.Cushing’s disease, or pituitary ACTH dependent Cushing’s syndrome, is a rare disease responsible for increased morbidity and mortality. Signs and symptoms of hypercortisolism are usually non specific: obesity, signs of protein wasting, increased blood pressure, variable levels of hirsutism. Diagnosis is frequently difficult, and requires a strict algorithm. First-line treatment is based on ...Background For the prehospital diagnosis of raised intracranial pressure (ICP), clinicians are reliant on clinical signs such as the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), pupillary response and/or Cushing’s triad (hypertension, bradycardia and an irregular breathing pattern). This study aimed to explore the diagnostic accuracy of these signs as indicators of a raised ICP. Methods We performed a ....

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